Linux: August 2013

Tuesday, August 27, 2013

Linux Server Oracle SQL Browser Connect

If you can't connect with Server IP Address , username and password make sure
2 or more ports need to unblock by firewall of server pc

Wednesday, August 21, 2013

Linux View IP Address

[root@localhost home]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:B9:1D:08:B7
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Interrupt:31

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
          RX packets:1492 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1492 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:131484 (128.4 KiB) TX bytes:131484 (128.4 KiB)

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 86:A1:CA:B4:17:93
          inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:4363 (4.2 KiB)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:17:C4:E1:C7:A4
          inet addr:192.168.1.104 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::217:c4ff:fee1:c7a4/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:4999 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1917 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:997463 (974.0 KiB) TX bytes:145674 (142.2 KiB)

[root@localhost home]#

Monday, August 19, 2013

Linux Oracle remotely login with putty + Oracle Home Directory view

login as: root
root@192.168.1.103's password:
Last login: Tue Aug 20 00:04:52 2013 from 192.168.1.105
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe start
Starting Oracle Net Listener.
Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance.

[root@localhost ~]# echo $ORACLE_HOME

[root@localhost ~]# echo $ORACLE_HOME

[root@localhost ~]# sqlplus
-bash: sqlplus: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# . /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/oracle_env.sh
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe start Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance is already started

[root@localhost ~]# echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe
[root@localhost ~]# sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Aug 20 17:52:58 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: system
Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

Linux Display List of Last Shutdown Entires

[root@localhost ~]# last -x| less

OR
[root@localhost ~]# last -x | grep shutdown | less

shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Tue Aug 20 00:01 - 00:03 (00:01)
shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Mon Aug 19 23:22 - 23:24 (00:02)
shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Mon Aug 19 19:28 - 19:28 (00:00)
shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Thu Jul 11 23:28 - 16:33 (38+17:05)
shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Thu Jul 11 00:34 - 16:10 (15:36)
shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Sat Jun 29 13:04 - 23:53 (11+10:48)
shutdown system down 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Thu Jun 27 19:50 - 13:01 (1+17:11)
(END)

shift + z + z
for exit the screen

Linux Close file or back

Back From the list Shift + Z + Z

:wq
or
:x

Linux List Of Reboot of the server Display

[root@localhost ~]# last reboot | less

reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Tue Aug 20 00:03 - 00:13 (00:10)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Mon Aug 19 23:24 - 00:01 (00:37)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Mon Aug 19 19:28 - 23:22 (03:53)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Mon Aug 19 16:33 - 19:28 (02:54)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Thu Jul 11 16:10 - 23:28 (07:18)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Wed Jul 10 23:53 - 00:34 (00:40)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Sat Jun 29 13:01 - 13:04 (00:03)
reboot   system boot 2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Fri Jun 28 00:24 - 19:50 (-4:-33)

wtmp begins Fri Jun 28 00:24:05 2013
(END)

Linux Sehedule Shutdown with message for save data of the users

[root@localhost ~]# shutdown +5 "*** Server is going DOWN due to power failure !!! Please save all your work ***"
shutdown +5 "*** Server is going DOWN for due to power failure ! Please save all your work ***"

Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain
(/dev/pts/0) at 0:08 ...

The system is going down for maintenance in 5 minutes!
*** Server is going DOWN test! Please save all your work ***

Linux Server Shutdown

shutdown -h 0
or

[root@localhost oracle]# shutdown -h now

Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain
(/dev/pts/0) at 0:01 ...

The system is going down for halt NOW!

Linux 1st time Oracle 11g Ex SQL PLUS login with command line

[root@localhost bin]# . ./oracle_env.sh
[root@localhost bin]# . /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/oracle_env.sh
[root@localhost bin]# $ sqlplus system
bash: $: command not found
[root@localhost bin]# sqlplus system

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Aug 19 17:28:51 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> connect sys/123456 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL>

Linux Server Install Oracle 11 g Express

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh /home/soft-linux/oracle/Disk1/oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracle-xe ########################################### [100%]
Executing post-install steps...
You must run '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure' as the root user to configure the database.

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure

Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Configuration
-------------------------------------------------
This will configure on-boot properties of Oracle Database 11g Express
Edition. The following questions will determine whether the database should
be starting upon system boot, the ports it will use, and the passwords that
will be used for database accounts. Press <Enter> to accept the defaults.
Ctrl-C will abort.

Specify the HTTP port that will be used for Oracle Application Express [8080]:

Specify a port that will be used for the database listener [1521]:

Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Note that the same
password will be used for SYS and SYSTEM. Oracle recommends the use of
different passwords for each database account. This can be done after
initial configuration:
Confirm the password:

Do you want Oracle Database 11g Express Edition to be started on boot (y/n) [y]:n

Starting Oracle Net Listener...Done
Configuring database...Done
Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance...Done
Installation completed successfully.

Linux Login and Switch User

login as: root
root@192.168.1.103's password:
Last login: Mon Aug 19 19:54:25 2013 from 192.168.1.105
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@localhost ~]# sakib
bash: sakib: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# su sakib
su: user sakib does not exist
[root@localhost ~]# su test
[test@localhost root]$ ls
ls: cannot open directory .: Permission denied
[test@localhost root]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost ~]#

Linux Restart Server

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain
(/dev/pts/1) at 23:22 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@localhost ~]#

Linux Remotely Stop and Start Oracle Database

login as: root

root@192.168.1.103's password:
Last login: Mon Aug 19 19:44:59 2013 from 192.168.1.105
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe stop
Shutting down Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance.
Stopping Oracle Net Listener.

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe start
Starting Oracle Net Listener.
Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance.

[root@localhost ~]#

Thursday, August 1, 2013

Linux Partition Table

A swap partition
A /boot partition
A / partition

A home partition

https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/s2-diskpartrecommend-x86.html

Before you Begin

System Requirements

Architecture: These instructions are for installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL6) on an IA-32 system (i.e., a 32-bit Intel- or AMD-based system) and Opteron 64-bit systems (x86_64).
Minimum Memory: Red Hat recommends for 32 bit a minimum of 1GB memory/logical CPU, and for 64 bit a minimum of 1GB of memory, 1GB/logical CPU. At SLAC, RHEL6 has been successfully installed on systems with 512 MB, but such systems have a tendency to bog down badly due to excessive swapping when too many applications are open at once.
Minimum Disk Space: OCIO recommends a minimum disk size of above 12 GB, and a minimum root partition ("/") size of about 9 GB.
CDROM Drive: Red Hat does not include a floppy version of the boot images for RHEL6. Your system will need a boot-capable CDROM drive, or a BIOS which knows how to PXE boot (ask unix-admin about that if you have questions).

Preparing to Install

Consider submitting a request to have OCIO do the installation for you.
Have previous experience installing Red Hat Linux, or else read the Red Hat Install document.
Have an IP address and node name for your system. If necessary, request an IP Address and Node Name from your Desktop admin.
Have available the network and host information required by a Red Hat Linux install, which includes (but may not be limited to): IP address, gateway, netmask and DNS server (provided by your Desktop admin when you obtain your IP address); video card/monitor specs (including size of video RAM); disk drive size; etc.
If you are an experienced Linux user and intend to retain some responsibility for administering your system, you may want to familiarize yourself with Taylor before beginning. This is the tool OCIO uses to adapt systems to the SLAC environment and we strongly encourage you to use it.
If you are installing on a machine that was previously taylored, you should print a copy of the file /etc/taylor.opts before beginning.

This procedure does a "clean install", not an upgrade. If you follow OCIO recommendations against storing permanent data on a workstation's system disk, this should not be a problem. If you do have some data you want to preserve on this disk, but it is all stored in a non-system partition, e.g., /u1, you might be OK, providing your system partitions are large enough to accommodate RHEL6 with sufficient room for future updates (see Disk Partitions, below). Otherwise, it is your responsibility to backup your data before beginning the installation. If you must restore it to a local filesystem after the installation, we strongly urge you to buy a second disk and keep permanent data off the system disk.
You may want to work next to a machine with a web browser and access the Red Hat installation manual from the documentation area of the Red Hat web site.

Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

The installation program is mostly self-explanatory if you have installed UNIX or Linux before. We will only mention either complex or SLAC-specific issues below.

Create an Installation CDROM

To make a bootable CDROM for installing RHEL6, you will need to burn an ISO 9660 image file onto CD-R (or CD-RW) media. On Linux, you can use an application like Xcdroast (requires X Windows) or cdrecord (a command-line tool). On a RHEL5 desktop system, double clicking on a file ending in ".iso" will bring up a "Write to Disk" dialog box which can be used to burn a copy of the file to a CD-R disk. Mac OSX can successfully create bootable CDROMs using the CDROM burning utility.
To create an installation boot CDROM under Linux, using the cdrecord utility:

Find the ISO 9660 disc image for an installation boot CDROM for your architecture and the current RHEL6 Update level:
for 64-bit

      cd /nfs/slac/g/scs/redhat/RedHat/RHEL6/6u1/workstation/x86_64/bootiso/
      ls rhel-workstation-6.1-x86_64-boot.iso

for 32-bit

      cd /nfs/slac/g/scs/redhat/RedHat/RHEL6/6u1/workstation/i386/bootiso/
      ls rhel-workstation-6.1-i386-boot.iso

Put a blank CD-R (or CD-RW) disc into the CDROM drive.
To get information about your CDROM drive, run the command:
```
      cdrecord -scanbus dev=/dev/hdc
      
```
You'll get a line that includes some text identifying your specific CDROM device, along with the device address; for example:
```
      1,0,0   100) '_NEC    ' 'CD-RW NR-9300A  ' '105B' Removable CD-ROM
      
```
The first field in this example, "1,0,0", is your CDROM device address. This is the information you'll need.
Run a command like the following:
```
      cdrecord -v -speed=2 dev=1,0,0 -eject -data boot.iso
      
```
On some systems you may need to prefix the device address with a transport layer indicator, such as 'ATA:' or 'ATAPI:', or you may need additional options on the cdrecord command line. See the man page for cdrecord for details.If you haven't burned any CDROMs before, it's a good idea to run some tests first by adding the '-dummy' option to the cdrecord command line.

The ISO image for RHEL6.1 includes a 'Rescue' option.
See below For Rescue Method instructions.

Boot the Installation Program

Stick the CDROM in the drive and reboot your machine.
If your machine ignores the CDROM at boot time, and simply reboots the existing system on the hard disk, there is most likely a problem with the boot order in the BIOS. You can usually get into the BIOS by pressing a function key (usually F2) early in the boot process. The various BIOS screens vary quite a bit, even within a single vendor's products. However, there is usually a place where you can specify the order in which the BIOS should look for a bootable device. You should make sure it looks at the CDROM drive before the hard disk.
At the introductory, 'Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1!' menu, choose 'Install or upgrade an existing system'. Other possible choices include'Install system with basic video driver', 'Rescue installed system', 'Boot from local drive' , or a 'Memory test.'
N.B. If your initial installation attempt fails with a wonky video display, retry with the 'basic video driver'.
N.B. There may be some variations in the order of the screens in the installation program depending on your exact hardware configuration and/or the choices you make, so it's probably a good idea to read through the rest of this section before proceeding.
It will take a minute or two to load. Choose 'Skip' to skip the media test.
Next, after questions regarding 'Language' and 'Keyboard' choice, the installation proceeds to "Installation Method."

NFS Install Method

In the "Installation Method" screen, choose NFS directory to insure that the latest SLAC-recommended kernel and RPMs are installed. If you install from a CDROM, you may need to upgrade the kernel after installation in order to comply with SLAC security requirements.
Next, you will be asked to configure TCP/IP.
Under Enable IPv4 support Uncheck Use dynamic IP configuration by checking the Manual Configuration. Uncheck Enable IPv6 support. (Movement and select directions are at the bottom of the screen).
On the next screen "Manual TCP/IP Configuration" enter the IP Address, Netmask, Default gateway and Primary nameserver information given to you by your Desktop admin when you requested your node name and IP address. The primary nameserver is 134.79.18.40.

WARNING:Please be careful to enter this information accurately, because errors can disrupt the network.

Next you will enter NFS setup information. The NFS server name is lnxinstall and the Red Hat directories are:

For Opteron and EMT64 systems: /vol/vol1/g.scs.redhat/RedHat/RHEL6/6u1/x86_64.
For all other systems(Pentium, Athlon, etc.): /vol/vol1/g.scs.redhat/RedHat/RHEL6/6u1/i386.

If the directory can't be mounted try using lnxinstall's IP address, 172.23.16.97, instead of its name.

Introductory screens

Note: If you want to capture a particular screen display in the installation, to refer to later, you can press 'Print'+'Shift'. The screen copy will be stored in /root/anaconda-screenshots/ for you.After the splash RHEL6 screen, the next questions are:

What type of devices will your installation involve. Choose 'Basic Storage Devices'
If an existing installation is discovered on the system, you'll be asked if you want a 'Fresh Installation' or 'Upgrade an Existing Installation'. Either way, assuming you have backed up any important files, choose 'Fresh Installation'
The 'Please name this computer' should be auto-filled in. You should not need to 'Configure Network'

good root password

DON'T FORGET IT

taylor

'Which type of installation would you like?' Choose 'Create Custom Layout'The default partitioning scheme used by the the other options is not suitable for use in the SLAC environment.

Disk Partitions

The table below shows suggested partitioning schemes for two different size disks, representing typical sizes of disks available on older hardware still in service here at SLAC. Newer systems usually have substantially larger system disks.
Make sure to give Linux at least a 9 GB root partition. If your root partition is less than about 9 GB, you should omit installing some of the software package groups recommended below, in order to allow room for future upgrades and security patches. Similarly, if you install more package groups than suggested below, you will probably need a larger root partition -- perhaps 10-12 GB if you install nearly everything. Small root partitions can make it difficult or impossible to install required security patches later on. Systems that cannot apply required security patches in a timely fashion may be denied access to the SLAC network. If possible the root partion should be at least 20 GB for modern machines with 100 GB and larger disks.
You should also create a swap partition at least as large as the memory (twice the main memory is a good rule of thumb for the size of the swap partition).
If there is sufficient space, we recommend that you allocate an /scswork partition of 1 GB, to be reserved for the exclusive use of OCIO. Use the rest for scratch space; for example, you might want to create a larger /tmp or add a separate /scratch directory. Note that older files in /tmp are periodically removed but files in /scratch will remain until removed by you unless the system is re-installed.
Always choose to format your Linux partitions. Use the new, ext4 filesystem type on all partitions except swap and /usr/vice/cache/cache.. (In earlier versions of AFS, /usr/vice/cache needed the ext2 filesystem, but ext4 is now compatible with the AFS cache). ext4 is a journaling filesystem and will permit much faster recovery following crashes.
WARNING! You should not allocate any partitions on the system disk for permanent data. Because of the large sizes of currently available disks, you may be strongly tempted to ignore this warning. However, it is very risky to do so, because:

we do not backup the data on local disks attached to workstations;
the disks installed in workstation-class machines are much less reliable than those we buy for our fileservers; and,
our support model assumes that it's OK to repartition and re-install the system disk on short notice.

The best way to make use of extra space on your system disk is to allocate a large /tmp or /scratch partition. If you need additional permanent space, please contact unix-admin@slac.stanford.edu; we will do our best to help you acquire reliable, backed-up storage at a reasonable cost. If you ignore this warning, it will be your responsibility to save and restore your data the next time your system needs to be re-installed.
Note that partition names and numbers, and the order of the partitions, are assigned automatically. Also, the actual sizes of allocated partitions may vary a little bit from what you request in the GUI interface. This may make it difficult to allocate every last block on the disk. The OCIO recommendation is to use LVMs and to leave extra room which can be used later.
Suggested partition schemes for typical hard disks:

Partition Mount Point	Partition Type	Partition Size
Partition Mount Point	Partition Type	12 GB disk	+18 GB or larger disk
/	ext4	9 GB	12 GB
swap	swap	1 x memory or at least 512 MB	2 x memory or at least 1 GB
/var	ext4	512 MB	4 GB
/usr/vice/cache	ext4	512 MB	2 GB
/tmp	ext4	512 MB	4 GB
/scswork	ext4	omit	1 GB
/scratch (or extra /tmp space)	ext4	omit	remainder